Lock



July 11, 1939. BJQRCK 2,165,202

LOCK

Filed Oct. 26, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet l Y. BJ6RCK July 11, 1939.

LOCK

Filed Oct. 26, 1937, 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 W Q4 m: E 1

u j /2 26 W 34 3/ I! #12 wlrllvydnn lka'llllllll a M 9 I Z a F PatentedJuly 11, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application October 26, 1937,Serial No. 171,141 In Sweden November 5, 1936 8 Claims.

The present invention relates to looks for doors and the like with oneor more lock bolts or other locking members operated by means of a keyand a handle or a similar device, and the invention has for its objectto provide a lock in which the possibility of opening the look bypicking and particularly also by blasting the same is reduced as far aspossible. To this end, the tumbler mechanism controlling the lock boltis placed at a lateral distance from the key hole, and the portion ofthe key intended for the actuation of the tumbler mechanism is arrangedto be loosened from the remaining part of the key by shifting of thelock handle and to be transferred from the inserting position to thetumbler mechanism for engagement therewith.

The blasting of locks, for instance of safe locks and the like, isalmost always effected by introducing an explosive charge into the keyhole and igniting it, whereby the adjacent lock members, namely, thetumbler mechanism proper for the lock bolt or look bolts in the lockshitherto used, are destroyed so as to release the lock bolts. On theother hand, a lock according to the present invention permits theplacing of the tumbler mechanism proper so far from the key hole that anexplosive charge placed therein will not cause serious damage. Moreover,the picking of the lock is rendered exceedingly difficult on account ofthe distance between the key hole and the tumbler mechanism.

In order to render picking still more difficult, there is arranged,according to the invention, one or more members adapted normally toscreen off the tumbler mechanism from the key hole but adapted to bemoved away during the transfer of the bit to the tumbler mechanism, sothat the latter is rendered operable by the bit.

An approved embodiment of a lock according to the invention is shown inthe accompanying drawings which also illustrate two different types ofkeys according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows the lock in vertical section taken on line ll in Fig. 3.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the lock.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 4 and 5 are horizontal sections on line 4-4 and line 55 in Fig. 1respectively. Fig. 6 is a cross section on line 6-6 in Fig. 1 and showsa detail of the lock mechanism. Fig. 7 shows in elevation andin section,an embodiment on the type of key intended to be used in connection withthe lock disclosed in the preceding figures. Fig. 8 is a sectionedelevation of the same key turned by relatively to the position in Fig.,7. Fig. 9 is an endwise view of the key. Fig. 10 shows a detailmodification of the key according to Figs. 79.

The lock according to the first embodiment is provided in a casing, theinner end wall of which is designated by i, the outer end wall thereofby 2, the front side wall thereof by H and the rear side wall of thecasing by [2. Displaceably arranged at right angles to the door seam inthe upper part of the casing is a lock bolt 3, and said lock bolt may bemoved into the casing against the action of a compression spring 6within a sleeve 5 by depressing the handle 9 which is secured on theshaft l0 extending through the lock casing. The operative connectionbetween the shaft IE! and the bolt 3 is eifected by means of thecircular disks [3 and I4 secured on said shaft and a cotter l6 arrangedbetween the disks, said cotter being adapted upon depression of thehandle 9 through a certain distance and a corresponding turning movementof the disks I3, 14 in a clockwise direction to bear on the pin llsecured on the bolt 3 so as to move the said bolt into the lock casingupon further depression of the handle. The compression spring 6 tends tokeep the bolt 3 in a projection position, in addition to which a secondspring (not shown), preferably secured to either of the disks l3, [4,tends to keep the handle 9 in a horizontal position.

Displaceably arranged in the lower part of the lock casing is a lockingbolt 4, which is kept locked in projected position by a tumblermechanism against the retracting action of a tension spring 8 within asleeve 1, said tumbler mechanism being adapted to be released by meansof a key. This tumbler mechanism comprises a plate 20 vertically securedon the bolt 4 and provided with two apertures 2| and 22 placed ondifferent levels (Fig. 6), and also comprises two horizontal pins 23 and24 adapted for cooperation with said apertures and carried each by avertical rod 25 and 26 respectively, said pins being verticallydisplaceable with these rods in a fixed support 27. Provided about eachrod 25 and 26 respectively is a compression spring 28 tending to keepthe respective rod and pin in its lowermost position, as shown inFig. 1. In this position, the pins 23 and 24 prevent the plate 20 andthus the bolt 4 from being moved inwardly by the spring 8, while beingadapted to release the bolt when displaced upwardly to the level of therespective apertures 2| and 22, which displacement is effected by theinsertion of a suitable key into the lock and depression of the handle9, as will be described hereinafter The key shown in Figs. 7-9represents the type of key by means of which the lock can be opened. Thekey consists of two parts adapted to be loosenedfrom one another, that.is to say the bit 44, 46, 4'! and the hollow shank 45 with agrip 56.When the key is assembled, the bit of it is caused to bear with an ovalflange 49 on the end wall 59 of the shank,

the shaft 44 of the bit continuing through an aperture in the end wall59 for a distance into the shank'where it terminates in an oblongtransverse abutment 59 which thus lies on the inside of the end wall 59,so as to lock the bit to the shank in an axial direction. Provided inthe end Wall 59 and in the jacket surface of the shank is a slot thewidth of which corresponds to the width of the transverse abutment 50.If the bit is turned from the position shownior 90 relatively to theshank, the transverse abutment 59' will correspond to the slot 5| sothat the bit may tudinal slots 58in the jacket wall o'f the shank,

by means of which projections the plunger 54 V of which both of thebolts have now been with drawn, so that the door'or any. correspondingmay be displaced downwardly in the shank for a certain distance, theknife member then releasing the bit so as to make possible a mutualturn- 7 ing movement between the bit'and the shank for the purpose ofseparating these parts.

When the lock shown in locked position in Figs. 1-5 is to be unlocked,the key is introduced into the aperture 33 in the front wall I of thelock said hole 33 being shaped in correspondence to the bit and shank ofthe key. The shaft 440i the 7 bit then enters an aperture 34 in the diskl3 so as to bear on thefront end of, a pin 3i secured to the disk l4,saidv pin projecting into the bore 48 of the bit. The oval flange 49 ofthe bit is received in a corresponding recess 29in the disk l3, so thatthe bit cannot be turned about its shaft 44. The shank 45 of the key hasbeen introduced so far that the projections 53 thereof will be locatedimmediately. behind the wall ll of the lock casing in the intermediatespace between said wall. II. and a fixed disk l5, which is renderedpossible by the recess 35 in the key hole 33 corresponding to one (theupper one) of the projections 53. At the same time, the plunger 54 andthe knife member 52 in the shaft will have been. displaced against theaction of the spring 55 for a certain distance in a direction toward thegrip 56, so as to release the engage ment between the knife member 52and the transverse abutment 50. This has been brought about by theprojections 51' having been caused to bear on the wall I of the lockcasing, prior 'to introducing the key into its final position.

a After the key hasbeenintroduoed into the position described,'theshank45 is turned 90 in a clockwise direction, the shank being retained"in the new position by reason of the clamping effect of the projections53 and 51 on both sides of the lock casing wall H. .In thenew position,the slot 5| of the shank lies horizontally and thus in line with thetransverse abutment 59 of the bit, so that the latter can be moved outlaterally from the shank. This is effected by depressing the handle 9thedisks. |3jand |4being thus turned and caused to entrain the bit,whilethe shank remains in the outer key hole. At this movement ofthebit, the transverse abutment 50 thereof projecting from the disk l3runs in a slot 32 in the fixed disk'|5.f f

When the handle 9 has been depressed into the position shown bychain-dotted lines in Fig. 1,

the bit will be locatedimmediately adjacent the pins 23 and 24projecting into the intermediate space between the'disks 3 and I4, asindicated by the key hole shown by chain-dotted lines in Fig. l. The bitis provided with two tongues 46 and .41 adapted for cooperation with thepins, the latter tongue 41 being provided with an abutment rising vabove the other tongue by a distance corresponding to the verticaldistance between the apertures 2| and 22. Ata'continued depression ofthe handie 9 the-pin 23v will first be raised (by the tongue 41.), andthen thepin 24 (by the tongue 46) the depression being followed up untilthe pins correspond to the respective apertures Hand 22, in

which position the bit is stopped by reason of the fact thatitstransverse abutment 59 has then reached the extreme position in the slot32. The locking bolt 4 will thus be released so as to be pulled into,the look by the retracting spring 8, the plate 20 being then moved inover the pins 23 and 24. At the depression of the handle to pulled intothe lock through the cooperation between the cotter l6 and the pin IT,by reason member can be opened. 7

When the handle 9 is then released, it will be returned again by itsspring into horizontal posimay be taken out together with the latter.The

'move'the bit of the key the bolt 3 will have been.

locking, bolt 4 remains in retracted position, the

pins 23 and 24'being then kept in raised position by the plate 20.

The locking of the lock, that is to say projection of the bolt 4, iseffected solely by depression of the handle 9, the key being.unnecessary. The bolt 4 is provided with a suitably shaped plate I9, thefree end 43 of which isin the path of movement of a cotter I8 secured tothe 'disks'l3 and I4 and located therebetween, said cotter being at asufficient depression of the handle caused to bear on the end 43 so asto displace the bolt 4 outwardly. On account of the simultaneousdisplacement. of the plate 20'to the left, the pins '23- and 24 willthen'be released and returned by the respective springs 28 to thelowermost position, whereby the bolt 4 Will consequently be 7 rightbehind the outer key hole 33 (in the lock casingwall ||),,it willobviouslybe possible by means of a pick-lock to enter the intermediatespace between the disks l3 and I4 so'as to actuate the lock mechanism(the pins 23 and 24).To

prevent such actuation,- there are provided in the said intermediatespace,'first, a screening'plate' 35 pivotally suspended between thedisks l3 and I4, said screening plate entering a fixed stirrup. i

38 when the handle 9. is in a horizontal position, and, second, a plate40 rigidly connected with the disks'and extending from the point of.suspension of the screening plate 35 inwardly toward the center. As willappear, these plates .form a screen between the'key hole and the lockmech'anismso as to prevent access to the latter through the key hole.When .the handle '9 is depressed, these plates follow the disks 1-3 andI4 and are caused to take the upper position indicated by chain-dottedlines, when the key hole is in its position indicated by chain-dottedlines, in which the pins 23 and 24 are'uncovered to be actuated by thekey bit, if inserted. When the handle is moved up again, an edge 42 on aguide member'4l secured on the support 2'! guides the screening plate'36 in a manner such that the latter moves freely past the ends of the:pins 23 and 24, and in the same manner a leaf spring 39 secured at .itsupper end prevents the screening plate from being moved to the right ofthe stir- As will be seen particularly from Figs. 1 and 5, the outer keyhole 33 will be covered when the handle 9 is depressed from the positionindicated in Fig, 1 with full drawn lines, and hereby the possibility ofgetting'into the interior of the lock with a pick-lock to actuate thepins 23 and 24 uncovered by the depression of the handle is eliminated.

The lock described and the key employed in connection therewith are onlyto be regarded as an example of this part of the invention, which hasfor its object in a lock of the type in question to place the lockingmechanism proper so far off from the key hole that blasting of thelatter will not destroy the locking mechanism and the latter also cannotbe actuated by means of a pick-lock, and also aims at using a divisiblekey, the bit or corresponding part of which can be moved within the lockfor the actuation of the lock mechanism. For the invention, it is thus amatter of subsidiary import how the lock mechanism proper is constructedwith respect to the details thereof, and how many locking members (orbolts) are used, and how these members are shaped and arranged. The keymay be formed in any suitable manner enabling detachment of the bit orthe corresponding member from the remaining portion of the key (orshank).

The key according to Figs. 79 has the disadvantage that the bit can bereleased from the shank rather easily, i. e. through actuation of theprotruding projections 51, which involves the risk that the parts of thekey may be brought apart unintentionally, for instance in the carryingof the key in ones pocket. This drawback may be readily obviated throughsome small detail modifications as shown in Fig. 10, which illustratesthe leading end of the key in the same manner as Fig. 8.

According to Fig, 10, the bit of the key is provided with a centralpassage 60 extending through the shaft 44 as well as through thetransverse abutment 50. The plunger 54 is provided with two projections6| running in slots 62 on the inside of the jacket wall of the shank 45so as to prevent the plunger from turning about its axis. To bring theknife member 52 out of engagement with the transverse abutment 50 forthe purpose of releasing the bit of the key, when the key is introducedinto the lock, the pin 3| on the disk I4 (Fig. 5) for the mounting ofthe fore end of the bit is in this case made so long as to extendaltogether through the passage 60 of the bit when the key is introducedinto the key hole, the said pin thus moving the knife member 52 back, sothat the shank 45 can be turned and the bit be thus released in themanner hereinbefore indicated.

Obviously, the connection between the various parts of the key is muchmore effective in this latter embodiment, since the knife member 52cannot readily be actuated from the outside. To be able to do this, acomparatively long pin or the like is required, which is.introduced intothe passage 50 of the bit, by reason of which an unintentionalseparation of the parts of the key.

can hardly occur.

In the key according to Fig. 10, the transverse abutment 50 of the bitis rounded preferably at the one short end thereof, as indicated at 63.The object of this, arrangement is to render reuniting possible betweenthe bit and the shank when the bit is returned to the key hole on having.been transferred to the lock mechanism, during which displacement withknife member 52 is understood to have been returned to the frontposition by the spring 55. By reason of the rounded portion 53 of thetransverse abutment 50, however, the knife member 52 will be pressedback when the transverse abutment is introduced into the shank throughthe slot 5! of the latter, and will thus upon a turning movement of theshank through 90 snap into the slot in the transverse abutment. In thekey according to Figs. '7-9, this arrangement was not necessary,inasmuch, as the projections 51 kept the knife member 52 out ofengagement with the abutment 50 during the whole of the time the key wasintroduced in the lock.

The illustrated embodiments are only to be regarded as examples ofapplication of the invention, it being thus possible to make alterationswith respect to the details, without the principle of the inventionbeing departed from. Thus details of one embodiment may in many cases beadvantageously employed in any one of the other embodiments whereinthese details have been lacking or have at least not had any directcounterparts.

I claim:

1. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumblermechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distancelaterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said keyhole and including a first part and a second part separable from thefirst part, said second part being adapted to actuate said tumblermechanism, a hand operable member, and members in operative relation tosaid hand operable member adapted, upon actuation of the hand operablemember, to engage and separate the second key part from the first keypart and to transfer said second key part into engagement with thetumbler mechanism for actuating the latter.

2. In a safety lock having a key hole, two lock bolts, a tumblermechanism controlling one of said bolts and disposed at a distancelaterally from the key hole, a key including a first part and a secondpart separable from the first part, said second part being adapted toactuate said tumbler mechanism, a hand operable member and members inoperative relation to said hand operable member adapted, upon actuationof said hand operable member to engage and separate the second key partfrom the first key part and to transfer said second key part intoengagement with said tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter.

3. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumblermechanism controlling said locking mechanism and disposed at a distancelaterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said keyhole and including a shank, and a bit separable from said shank, a handconof i ' tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter. 1

4. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumblermechanism controlling said locking members 1 and disposed at a distancelaterally from the key hole, a key adopted for insertion in said keyhole and'including a shank and a bit separable from said shank, a handcontrolled member, members in operative relation with said handcontrolled member adapted,

upon actuation of the hand controlled member,

to engage and separate the bit from the shank 'and to' transfer said bitinto engagement with V the tumbler mechanism'for actuating the latter,

and means for retaining the shank in position in the key hole during theseparation and transfer of said bit, said. bit being returned toengagement with said shank after actuation of said tumbler mechanism.

5. In a safety lock including a front wall, a key hole therein, lockingmembers, a tumbler mechanism controlling said locking members anddisposed at a distance laterally from the key hole, a key adapted forinsertion in said key hole and including a shank and a bit separablefrom said shank, a hand operable member, members in operative relationto said hand operable member adapted, upon actuation of the handoperable member, to engage and separate'the bit from the shank and totransfer said bit intoengagement with the tumbler mechanismfor actuatingthe latter, and projections on the key shank for engagement withsaidfront wall to retain said shank in position during the separation andtransfer of the bit, said bit being' returned to operative relation tosaid shank after actuation of said tumbler mechanism.

6. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumblermechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distancelaterally from the key hole, a key adapted for insertion in said keyhole and'including a shank,

and a'bit separable from said shank, a hand controlled member, membersin operative relation with said hand controlled member adapted, uponactuation of the hand controlledmember, toengageand separate the bitfrom theshan'kfand to transfer said bitinto" engagement with thetunibler' mechanismfor actuating the latter, and "a guard like screenmember disposed between the key hole and said tumbler mechanism adaptedto be moved to inoperative position during transfer of the bit.

7. In a safety lock having a key hole, locking members, a tumblermechanism controlling said locking members and disposed at a distancelaterally from the key hole, a key adapted. for insertion in said keyhole and including a shank, and a bit separable from said shank, a handcontrolled member, members inoperative relation with said handcontrolled member adapted, upon actuation of the hand controlled member,to engage and separate the bit from the shank and to transfer said bitinto engagement with the tumbler mechanism for actuating the latter, aguard like screen member associated with the bit transfer membersdisposed between the key hole and said tumbler mechanism adapted to bemoved to inoperative position during transfer of the bit. I a

8. In a safety loc'k having a key hole, a pin arranged centrallyin'said' key hole, locking members, a tumbler mechanism controlling saidlocking members and disposed at a=distance laterally from the key hole,a key including a shank and a bit separable from said shank, said bithaving a recess for saidpin, means for locking the bit on the shank andadapted to be released by said pin upon insertion'of the key in the keyhole, a hand operable member, and members in operative relation to saidhand operable member adapted, upon actuation of the hand operablemember, to engage and separate the bit from the shank and to transfersaid bit into operative engagement with the tumbler mechanism.

